Třecí síla závisí jen na tlakové síle kolmé k podložce, tzv. normálové síle a dále na materiálu a jakosti styčných ploch. Jako reakce na ni se vytvoří síla N, která působí opačným směrem s působištěm v místě dotyku tělesa s podložkou.- Třecí síly vznikají při pohybu pevných těles po podložce, ke které jsou přitahovány určitou silou. – Příčinou vzniku je drsnost stykových ploch těles a vzájemné silové působení částic ve stykových plochách. – Třecí síla působí ve stykové ploše tělesa s podložkou a má směr proti pohybu tělesa (viz obr. 1.104).měřicí rozhraní USB link (případně 550 Universal Interface), senzor siloměr, dřevěný kvádřík s úchyty na zavěšení, závaží, nebo jiné kvádříky na zatížení, podložky z různých materiálů (např. dřevo, koberec, molitan, smirkový papír, ocel…)
Kdy je třecí síla škodlivá : Tření může být užitečné i nežádoucí. Užitečné tření: pohodlná chůze, brzdění pohybu, používání pilníků, brusek, řemenic, … Nežádoucí tření: brzdění pohybu, opotřebovávání pneumatik a obuvi, nežádoucí zahřívání částí strojů, …
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Nahrazujeme–li těleso hmotným bodem, je působiště síly v tomto bodě. 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Co snižuje tření : .wDYxhc{clear:both}.cUnQKe .wDYxhc,.related-question-pair .wDYxhc,.M8OgIe .fm06If .wDYxhc{clear:none}html .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,html .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0;}.garHBe{color:var(–COEmY);font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;position:relative}.garHBe a{color:var(–COEmY)}.xpdopen .Hhmu2e{overflow:inherit}.xpdclose .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:solid 1px #ebebeb;border-radius:0}.xpdclose .pmYXee .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .pmYXee .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.cAn2Qb .a84NUc:not(:empty),.cAn2Qb .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.SHa8ve{display:none}.xpdclose .TOfaBb.SHa8ve,.xpdopen .LL5J7d.SHa8ve{display:block}.rKR6H{padding-top:0.1px}.xpdclose .oHglmf,.xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:16px}.xpdclose .kp-header .oHglmf,.xpdopen .kp-header .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.c2xzTb .xpdclose .oHglmf,.c2xzTb .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.HSryR .xpdclose .oHglmf,.HSryR .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,.OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe .xpdbox g-more-link{top:28px}.Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,.Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:var(–bbQxAb);font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR .ILfuVd{line-height:1.5}.ss6qqb .ILfuVd,.ss6qqb .UiGGAb.ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.c2xzTb .qLYAZd{margin:16px 16px 16px 0;}.d9FyLd{padding:0 0 10px}.hgKElc{padding:0 8px 0 0}.kX21rb{font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;display:inline-block;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;padding-right:0;white-space:nowrap}.SPV4pd{display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.SPV4pd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Vjskue{margin-left:8px}.JT9o0,.ZnIJV{align-items:center;border:1px solid var(–mXZkqc);border-radius:16px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#1a73e8;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:32px;margin-bottom:16px}.BkHX0d{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif-medium,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding-right:20px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.xv1D5b{display:block;padding:0 8px 0 12px;width:18px;height:18px}.LGOjhe{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px}.trNcde .LGOjhe{overflow:visible}.SALvLe .LGOjhe,.Jb0Zif .LGOjhe,.HSryR .LGOjhe,.IVvPP .LGOjhe{padding:0 0 10px;margin:10px 0 0 0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid var(–gS5jXb);padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:var(–YLNNHc)}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:var(–bbQxAb);font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (force d-colors:active){.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:Mark;color:MarkText}} Obecně existují tři způsoby, jak snížit tření:
Použití dosedací plochy, které jsou samy o sobě obětní, například nízké smykové materiálů, z nichž vedou / měď Radiální ložisko jsou příkladem. Nahradit posuvné tření valivé tření, například s použitím valivých ložisek. .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding-top:10px}.cUnQKe .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding-left:0;}.trNcde .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding:10px 0 0 0}.cAn2Qb.abzPbc .mnr-c{max-width:calc(100% – 162px)}.tF2Cxc{position:relative}.Jb0Zif .BDNLRc{margin:16px 16px -11px}.RUXr2d{display:inline}.MTB56{margin-right:12px;vertical-align:middle}.Pthbuf{display:flex;align-items:center}.m164Nd{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}.qpGQpf{clear:both;padding-top:6px}.aCOpRe{line-height:1.58;word-wrap:break-word}.aCOpRe sup{line-height:0.9}.yuRUbf{font-weight:normal;font-size:small;line-height:1.58;}.IsZvec{max-width:48em;color:#4d5156;line-height:1.58}.uo4vr{color:var(–IXoxUe);line-height:1.58}.IjZ7ze{display:inline-block;color:var(–IXoxUe);font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;white-space:nowrap}.FyYA1e{margin:5px 0}a:hover h3.LC20lb{text-decoration:underline}.M8OgIe .dG2XIf .fm06If .LC20lb,.n6SJS h3.LC20lb{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.LC20lb{display:inline-block;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:3px;}.c2xzTb .LC20lb{margin-bottom:0}.MMgsKf{padding-top:2px}.DKV0Md{padding-top:4px;padding-top:5px;}.Z3xoIb{padding-top:27px;padding-top:28px;}.NXKJM{display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1}.hceuRc{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden}.fzBvHb{font-weight:700}.DKV0Md,.Z3xoIb{margin-top:18px;}.xvfwl{margin-top:4px}.q0vns a.fl{font-size:12px}.TQc1id .qLRx3b{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.HGLrXd{display:inline-block;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}.q0vns{display:inline-block;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:1px}.NJjxre{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%}.M8OgIe .VWCdhc.Mjve0e .q0vns{width:max-content}.VjDLd .TieM1d .tjvcx,.IVvPP .tjvcx,.kno-kp .tjvcx,.VjDLd .kp-wholepage-osrp .tjvcx,#rhs .ss6qqb .tjvcx,#rhs .trNcde .tjvcx{display:inline-block;height:19px;overflow-y:hidden}.ojE3Fb{padding:0;padding-bottom:0;}.ojE3Fb .q0vns{display:flex;overflow:hidden;padding:0;padding-bottom:0;align-items:center;}.ojE3Fb .q0vns a.fl{padding-top:0;font-size:12px;line-height:18px;}.GvPZzd{font-size:12px;line-height:18px;}.dTxz9{padding-right:38px}.iG7WGe{color:#202124;padding:0;text-align:center;width:16px}.VuuXrf{color:#202124;font-size:14px;display:block;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;}.qncq2c{font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin-left:6px}.CA5RN{overflow:hidden}.K2VDSb{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.H9lube{background-color:#f1f3f4;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:50%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:26px;width:26px;margin-right:12px;flex-shrink:0;vertical-align:middle;}.fJOpI.H9lube{background-color:#e2eeff;border:1px solid #e2eeff}.P1UpZb{background-color:#f1f3f4;border:1px solid #ecedef}.eqA2re.NjwKYd{margin-right:0}.Vwoesf:not(.oRVWZ){display:inline-block}.Vwoesf{vertical-align:middle}.XNo5Ab.XNo5Ab{display:block;}.lWlVCe{border-radius:50%}.bJVp8c{color:#0060f0}.Jj3Uob{color:#0060f0;}.ob9lvb{color:#4d5156}.ob9lvb.HCMUuf{color:var(–IXoxUe)}.ylgVCe{color:#4d5156}.B6fmyf{position:absolute;top:0;height:0;visibility:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.B6fmyf.Mg1HEd{height:auto}.ljeAnf{display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}
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lyžích, posouvání ruky po stole). 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.wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:var(–bbQxAb);font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR 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0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid var(–gS5jXb);padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:var(–YLNNHc)}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:var(–bbQxAb);font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (forced-colors:active){.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:Mark;color:MarkText}} Moment síly je definován jako součin síly a kolmé vzdálenosti osy síly od daného bodu. 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Aby se těleso mohlo pohnout, musí se zvednout natolik, aby jeho nerovnosti mohly klouzat po povrchu pod ním. 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Nezávisí na velikosti třecích ploch. 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Aby se těleso mohlo pohnout, musí se zvednout natolik, aby jeho nerovnosti mohly klouzat po povrchu pod ním. 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VIDEO VIDEO
Antwort Na čem nezávisí třecí síla? Weitere Antworten – Na čem závisí tření
Třecí síla závisí jen na tlakové síle kolmé k podložce, tzv. normálové síle a dále na materiálu a jakosti styčných ploch. Jako reakce na ni se vytvoří síla N, která působí opačným směrem s působištěm v místě dotyku tělesa s podložkou.- Třecí síly vznikají při pohybu pevných těles po podložce, ke které jsou přitahovány určitou silou. – Příčinou vzniku je drsnost stykových ploch těles a vzájemné silové působení částic ve stykových plochách. – Třecí síla působí ve stykové ploše tělesa s podložkou a má směr proti pohybu tělesa (viz obr. 1.104).měřicí rozhraní USB link (případně 550 Universal Interface), senzor siloměr, dřevěný kvádřík s úchyty na zavěšení, závaží, nebo jiné kvádříky na zatížení, podložky z různých materiálů (např. dřevo, koberec, molitan, smirkový papír, ocel…)
Kdy je třecí síla škodlivá : Tření může být užitečné i nežádoucí. Užitečné tření: pohodlná chůze, brzdění pohybu, používání pilníků, brusek, řemenic, … Nežádoucí tření: brzdění pohybu, opotřebovávání pneumatik a obuvi, nežádoucí zahřívání částí strojů, …
Na čem závisí síla
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Účinek síly na těleso závisí na velikosti síly, na jejím směru a také na poloze jejího působiště. Nahrazujeme–li těleso hmotným bodem, je působiště síly v tomto bodě. Jednotkou síly je newton (N) pojmenovaný po Isaacu Newtonovi.
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Obecně existují tři způsoby, jak snížit tření:
Použití dosedací plochy, které jsou samy o sobě obětní, například nízké smykové materiálů, z nichž vedou / měď Radiální ložisko jsou příkladem. Nahradit posuvné tření valivé tření, například s použitím valivých ložisek.
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Běžným způsobem, jak snížit tření, je použití maziv. Koeficient tření tradičních technických materiálů, např. oceli či keramiky, je obvykle vyšší než 0,5 pro tření za sucha, ale nižší než 0,1 pro mazaný kontakt.
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Třecí síly vznikají při pohybu pevných těles po podložce, nebo po jiném tělesu (posouvání skříně po podlaze, jízda na lyžích, posouvání ruky po stole). Třecí síla je někdy užitečná (tření mezi kolem auta a cestou), a někdy škodí (tření při pohybu pístů v motoru, v ložiscích, při stěhování věcí po podlaze.
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Čím můžeme měřit sílu
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Síla se měří siloměrem, obvykle se značí písmenem F a v soustavě SI má jednotku newton, která se značí písmenem N.
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Síla se projevuje statickými účinky – je příčinou deformace těles – a dynamickými účinky – je příčinou změny pohybového stavu tělesa (hmotného bodu), např. uvedení tělesa z klidu do pohybu nebo naopak, či změny velikosti nebo směru rychlosti tělesa.
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tření v klidu – statické tření (používá se index 0) tření za pohybu – kinematické tření, je zpravidla menší než tření v klidu (obvykle o 20 ÷ 25 %)
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Skládání sil může být trojího typu: 1) Pokud síly F1,F2 mají stejný směr, pak výslednice sil F má stejný směr jako síly F1 a F2 a platí, že velikost síly F = F1 + F2. 2) Pokud síly F1,F2 mají opačný směr, pak výslednice sil F má stejný směr jako větší ze sil a platí, že velikost síly F = F1 – F2.
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Moment síly je definován jako součin síly a kolmé vzdálenosti osy síly od daného bodu. Velikost momentu síly tedy závisí na velikosti síly a na vzdálenosti od osy otáčení (čím dále síla působí, tím větší moment síly vznikne, obě veličiny jsou přímo úměrné).
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Běžným způsobem, jak snížit tření, je použití maziv. Koeficient tření tradičních technických materiálů, např. oceli či keramiky, je obvykle vyšší než 0,5 pro tření za sucha, ale nižší než 0,1 pro mazaný kontakt.
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Co ovlivnuje třecí sílu
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Tření vzniká částečně vlivem hrubosti dotýkajících se povrchů, jak vidíš v podrobnějším náhledu. Aby se těleso mohlo pohnout, musí se zvednout natolik, aby jeho nerovnosti mohly klouzat po povrchu pod ním. K uvedení tělesa do pohybu je tedy potřebná síla.
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Velikost třecí síly ovlivní kvalita povrchu styčných ploch i velikost tlakové síly na podložku. Nezávisí na velikosti třecích ploch. Nahradíme-li tření smykové valivým odporem, vý- razně se zmenší třecí síly.
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Tření vzniká částečně vlivem hrubosti dotýkajících se povrchů, jak vidíš v podrobnějším náhledu. Aby se těleso mohlo pohnout, musí se zvednout natolik, aby jeho nerovnosti mohly klouzat po povrchu pod ním. K uvedení tělesa do pohybu je tedy potřebná síla.
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Pojem síly vychází z denní zkušenosti člověka. Pohybový stav nějakého tělesa můžeme měnit např. tak, že jej vlastním dotykem urychlíme, zastavíme nebo odchýlíme z původního směru pohybu.
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