Rok Jméno 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz a Pieter Zeeman 1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel Pierre a Marie Curie
Město v slzách, Samá láska, Šel malíř chudě do světa, Píseň o Viktorce, Maminka a Chlapec a hvězdy – to je jen část básnických sbírek Jaroslava Seiferta (23. září 1901, Praha-Žižkov – 10. ledna 1986, Praha).Každá země, z níž laureáti pocházejí, je na ně patřičně hrdá. Do Československa dodneška putovaly Nobelovy ceny pouze dvě: za chemii ji roku 1959 obdržel Jaroslav Heyrovský a za literaturu v roce1986 Jaroslav Seifert. Je to tedy chudá bilance ve srovnání s početně stejně velkými zeměmi.
Který litevský vynálezce a fyzik získal Nobelovu cenu za fyziku za vynález laseru : V roce 1964 obdrželi Charles Townes, Nikolaj Basov a Alexandr Prochorov společně Nobelovu cenu za fyziku „za zásadní výzkum v oboru kvantové elektroniky, který vedl ke konstrukci oscilátorů a zesilovačů založených na principu maserů a laserů“.
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Nobelovu cenu za literaturu zatím odmítli jen dva laureáti: v roce 1958 Boris Pasternak, který ji nejprve telefonicky přijal, ale později se jí na nátlak tehdejších sovětských úřadů zřekl, a v roce 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre, jenž ignoroval všechny oficiální pocty.
Který spisovatel odmítl v roce 64 Nobelovu cenu za literaturu : .wDYxhc{clear:both}.cUnQKe .wDYxhc,.related-question-pair .wDYxhc,.M8OgIe .fm06If .wDYxhc{clear:none}html .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,html .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0;}.garHBe{color:#202124;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;position:relative}.garHBe a{color:#202124}.xpdopen .Hhmu2e{overflow:inherit}.xpdclose .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:solid 1px #ebebeb;border-radius:0}.xpdclose .pmYXee .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .pmYXee .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.cAn2Qb .a84NUc:not(:empty),.cAn2Qb .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.SHa8ve{display:none}.xpdclose .TOfaBb.SHa8ve,.xpdopen .LL5J7d.SHa8ve{display:block}.rKR6H{padding-top:0.1px}.xpdclose .oHglmf,.xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:16px}.xpdclose .kp-header .oHglmf,.xpdopen .kp-header .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.c2xzTb .xpdclose .oHglmf,.c2xzTb .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.HSryR .xpdclose .oHglmf,.HSryR .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,.OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe .xpdbox g-more-link{top:28px}.Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,.Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR .ILfuVd{line-height:1.5}.ss6qqb .ILfuVd,.ss6qqb .UiGGAb.ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.c2xzTb .qLYAZd{margin:16px 16px 16px 0;}.d9FyLd{padding:0 0 10px}.hgKElc{padding:0 8px 0 0}.kX21rb{font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;display:inline-block;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;padding-right:0;white-space:nowrap}.SPV4pd{display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.SPV4pd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Vjskue{margin-left:8px}.JT9o0,.ZnIJV{align-items:center;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:16px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#1a73e8;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:32px;margin-bottom:16px}.BkHX0d{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif-medium,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding-right:20px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.xv1D5b{display:block;padding:0 8px 0 12px;width:18px;height:18px}.LGOjhe{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px}.trNcde .LGOjhe{overflow:visible}.SALvLe .LGOjhe,.Jb0Zif .LGOjhe,.HSryR .LGOjhe,.IVvPP .LGOjhe{padding:0 0 10px;margin:10px 0 0 0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid #dadce0;padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:#202124}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (forced-colors:a
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Marie Curie-Skłodowská – za fyziku, 1903 a za chemii, 1911. Linus Pauling – za chemii, 1954 a za mír, 1962. John Bardeen – za fyziku, 1956, 1972. Frederick Sanger – za chemii, 1958, 1980. Karl Barry Sharpless – za chemii, 2001, 2022. .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding-top:10px}.cUnQKe .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding-left:0;}.trNcde .vBnbff .mO5MMe{padding:10px 0 0 0}.cAn2Qb.abzPbc .mnr-c{max-width:calc(100% – 162px)}.tF2Cxc{position:relative}.Jb0Zif .BDNLRc{margin:16px 16px -11px}.RUXr2d{display:inline}.MTB56{margin-right:12px;vertical-align:middle}.Pthbuf{display:flex;align-items:center}.m164Nd{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}.qpGQpf{clear:both;padding-top:6px}.aCOpRe{line-height:1.58;word-wrap:break-word}.aCOpRe sup{line-height:0.9}.yuRUbf{font-weight:normal;font-size:small;line-height:1.58;}.IsZvec{max-width:48em;color:#4d5156;line-height:1.58}.uo4vr{color:#70757a;line-height:1.58}.IjZ7ze{display:inline-block;color:#70757a;font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;white-space:nowrap}.FyYA1e{margin:5px 0}a:hover h3.LC20lb{text-decoration:underline}.M8OgIe .dG2XIf .fm06If .LC20lb,.n6SJS h3.LC20lb{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.LC20lb{display:inline-block;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:3px;}.c2xzTb .LC20lb{margin-bottom:0}.MMgsKf{padding-top:2px}.DKV0Md{padding-top:4px;padding-top:5px;}.Z3xoIb{padding-top:27px;padding-top:28px;}.NXKJM{display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1}.hceuRc{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden}.fzBvHb{font-weight:700}.DKV0Md,.Z3xoIb{margin-top:18px;}.xvfwl{margin-top:4px}.q0vns a.fl{font-size:12px}.TQc1id .qLRx3b{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.HGLrXd{display:inline-block;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}.q0vns{display:inline-block;padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:1px}.NJjxre{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%}.M8OgIe .VWCdhc.Mjve0e .q0vns{width:max-content}.VjDLd .TieM1d .tjvcx,.IVvPP .tjvcx,.kno-kp .tjvcx,.VjDLd .kp-wholepage-osrp .tjvcx,#rhs .ss6qqb .tjvcx,#rhs .trNcde .tjvcx{display:inline-block;height:19px;overflow-y:hidden}.ojE3Fb{padding:0;padding-bottom:0;}.ojE3Fb .q0vns{display:flex;overflow:hidden;padding:0;padding-bottom:0;align-items:center;}.ojE3Fb .q0vns a.fl{padding-top:0;font-size:12px;line-height:18px;}.GvPZzd{font-size:12px;line-height:18px;}.dTxz9{padding-right:38px}.iG7WGe{color:#202124;padding:0;text-align:center;width:16px}.VuuXrf{color:#202124;font-size:14px;display:block;line-height:20px;white-space:nowrap;}.qncq2c{font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin-left:6px}.CA5RN{overflow:hidden}.K2VDSb{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.H9lube{background-color:#f1f3f4;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:50%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:26px;width:26px;margin-right:12px;flex-shrink:0;vertical-align:middle;}.fJOpI.H9lube{background-color:#e2eeff;border:1px solid #e2eeff}.P1UpZb{background-color:#f1f3f4;border:1px solid #ecedef}.eqA2re.NjwKYd{margin-right:0}.Vwoesf:not(.oRVWZ){display:inline-block}.Vwoesf{vertical-align:middle}.XNo5Ab.XNo5Ab{display:block;}.lWlVCe{border-radius:50%}.bJVp8c{color:#0060f0}.Jj3Uob{color:#0060f0;}.ob9lvb{color:#4d5156}.ob9lvb.HCMUuf{color:#70757a}.ylgVCe{color:#4d5156}.B6fmyf{position:absolute;top:0;height:0;visibility:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.B6fmyf.Mg1HEd{height:auto}.ljeAnf{display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.byrV5b{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row}.sBJG1d{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center}.kDmHO{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.lR4vec{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.xTEyc{align-items:start;display:flex;flex-direction:row}.OjFzvd{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:start}.YIPhrb{align-items:start;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.BToiNc{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:start}.E4bmEc .Va021{flex:1 1 100%}.E4bmEc .Y76LGf{flex:1 1 calc(50% – 4px)}
Nobelovu cenu za literaturu zatím odmítli jen dva laureáti: v roce 1958 Boris Pasternak, který ji nejprve telefonicky přijal, ale později se jí na nátlak tehdejších sovětských úřadů zřekl, a v roce 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre, jenž ignoroval všechny oficiální pocty.
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Antwort Kdo získal v roce 1922 Nobelovu cenu za fyziku? Weitere Antworten – Kdo získal první Nobelovu cenu za fyziku
Držitelé Nobelovy ceny za fyziku
Město v slzách, Samá láska, Šel malíř chudě do světa, Píseň o Viktorce, Maminka a Chlapec a hvězdy – to je jen část básnických sbírek Jaroslava Seiferta (23. září 1901, Praha-Žižkov – 10. ledna 1986, Praha).Každá země, z níž laureáti pocházejí, je na ně patřičně hrdá. Do Československa dodneška putovaly Nobelovy ceny pouze dvě: za chemii ji roku 1959 obdržel Jaroslav Heyrovský a za literaturu v roce1986 Jaroslav Seifert. Je to tedy chudá bilance ve srovnání s početně stejně velkými zeměmi.
Který litevský vynálezce a fyzik získal Nobelovu cenu za fyziku za vynález laseru : V roce 1964 obdrželi Charles Townes, Nikolaj Basov a Alexandr Prochorov společně Nobelovu cenu za fyziku „za zásadní výzkum v oboru kvantové elektroniky, který vedl ke konstrukci oscilátorů a zesilovačů založených na principu maserů a laserů“.
Kdo získal Nobelovu cenu za fyziku v roce 1921
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V roce 1921 byl Einstein oceněn Nobelovou cenou za fyziku za „vysvětlení fotoelektrického jevu a za zásluhy o teoretickou fyziku“.
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Za co dostala Marie Curie Nobelovu cenu : .wDYxhc{clear:both}.cUnQKe .wDYxhc,.related-question-pair .wDYxhc,.M8OgIe .fm06If .wDYxhc{clear:none}html .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,html .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0;}.garHBe{color:#202124;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;position:relative}.garHBe a{color:#202124}.xpdopen .Hhmu2e{overflow:inherit}.xpdclose .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:solid 1px #ebebeb;border-radius:0}.xpdclose .pmYXee .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .pmYXee .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.cAn2Qb .a84NUc:not(:empty),.cAn2Qb .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.SHa8ve{display:none}.xpdclose .TOfaBb.SHa8ve,.xpdopen .LL5J7d.SHa8ve{display:block}.rKR6H{padding-top:0.1px}.xpdclose .oHglmf,.xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:16px}.xpdclose .kp-header .oHglmf,.xpdopen .kp-header .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.c2xzTb .xpdclose .oHglmf,.c2xzTb .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.HSryR .xpdclose .oHglmf,.HSryR .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,.OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe .xpdbox g-more-link{top:28px}.Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,.Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR .ILfuVd{line-height:1.5}.ss6qqb .ILfuVd,.ss6qqb .UiGGAb.ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.c2xzTb .qLYAZd{margin:16px 16px 16px 0;}.d9FyLd{padding:0 0 10px}.hgKElc{padding:0 8px 0 0}.kX21rb{font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;display:inline-block;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;padding-right:0;white-space:nowrap}.SPV4pd{display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.SPV4pd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Vjskue{margin-left:8px}.JT9o0,.ZnIJV{align-items:center;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:16px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#1a73e8;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:32px;margin-bottom:16px}.BkHX0d{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif-medium,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding-right:20px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.xv1D5b{display:block;padding:0 8px 0 12px;width:18px;height:18px}.LGOjhe{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px}.trNcde .LGOjhe{overflow:visible}.SALvLe .LGOjhe,.Jb0Zif .LGOjhe,.HSryR .LGOjhe,.IVvPP .LGOjhe{padding:0 0 10px;margin:10px 0 0 0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid #dadce0;padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:#202124}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (forced-colors:active){.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.c2
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Nobelovu cenu získala v roce 1911 za objev radia a polonia, výzkum jejich sloučenin.
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Básník Jaroslav Seifert (23. září 1901 Praha – Žižkov – 10. ledna 1986 Praha) je jediným českým nositelem Nobelovy ceny za literaturu (10. prosince 1984).
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V roce 1984 získal jako první československý spisovatel Jaroslav Seifert Nobelovu cenu za literaturu.
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Kolik žen získalo Nobelovu cenu
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Ceremoniál se zatím odehrál celkem 117krát a mezi laureáty Nobelovy ceny za fyziku jsou až na pár výjimek samí muži. Během prvních 116 let existence Nobelových cen byly oceněny jen dvě ženy – dnes již legendární Marie Curie-Sklodowská a Maria Göppertová-Mayerová.
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Pokroků v chemii a astronomii dosáhli arabští učenci, ale ve fyzice vývoj nastal teprve v renesanci. V Itálii Galileo Galilei začal systematicky provádět experimenty, což se stalo základem rozvoje fyziky a vědecké metody vůbec. Galilei také odvodil některé výsledky v mechanice, mimo jiné princip relativity.
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K jejím největším úspěchům patří: teorie radioaktivity. technika dělení radioaktivních izotopů objev dvou nových chemických prvků: radia a polonia.
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V roce 2017 byla nositelům udělena odměna ve výši 9 000 000 švédských korun. Ceny se každoročně předávají ve Stockholmu na slavnostním ceremoniálu 10. prosince, v den výročí Nobelova úmrtí. V letech, kdy Nobelova cena není udělena z důvodu vnějších událostí nebo nedostatku nominací, se peněžní částka vrací do fondu.
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Který spisovatel odmítl Nobelovu cenu : .wDYxhc{clear:both}.cUnQKe .wDYxhc,.related-question-pair .wDYxhc,.M8OgIe .fm06If .wDYxhc{clear:none}html .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,html .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0;}.garHBe{color:#202124;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;position:relative}.garHBe a{color:#202124}.xpdopen .Hhmu2e{overflow:inherit}.xpdclose .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:solid 1px #ebebeb;border-radius:0}.xpdclose .pmYXee .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .pmYXee .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.cAn2Qb .a84NUc:not(:empty),.cAn2Qb .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.SHa8ve{display:none}.xpdclose .TOfaBb.SHa8ve,.xpdopen .LL5J7d.SHa8ve{display:block}.rKR6H{padding-top:0.1px}.xpdclose .oHglmf,.xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:16px}.xpdclose .kp-header .oHglmf,.xpdopen .kp-header .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.c2xzTb .xpdclose .oHglmf,.c2xzTb .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.HSryR .xpdclose .oHglmf,.HSryR .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,.OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe .xpdbox g-more-link{top:28px}.Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,.Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR .ILfuVd{line-height:1.5}.ss6qqb .ILfuVd,.ss6qqb .UiGGAb.ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.c2xzTb .qLYAZd{margin:16px 16px 16px 0;}.d9FyLd{padding:0 0 10px}.hgKElc{padding:0 8px 0 0}.kX21rb{font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;display:inline-block;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;padding-right:0;white-space:nowrap}.SPV4pd{display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.SPV4pd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Vjskue{margin-left:8px}.JT9o0,.ZnIJV{align-items:center;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:16px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#1a73e8;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:32px;margin-bottom:16px}.BkHX0d{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif-medium,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding-right:20px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.xv1D5b{display:block;padding:0 8px 0 12px;width:18px;height:18px}.LGOjhe{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px}.trNcde .LGOjhe{overflow:visible}.SALvLe .LGOjhe,.Jb0Zif .LGOjhe,.HSryR .LGOjhe,.IVvPP .LGOjhe{padding:0 0 10px;margin:10px 0 0 0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid #dadce0;padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:#202124}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (forced-colors:active){.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:Mark;color:MarkText}}.IiOSLb .rsGxI.Ww4FFb,.Ww4FFb{background-color:#fff;border-radius:0px;border-width:0;box-shadow:none}.Ww4FFb .mnr-c:not(:empty),.mnr-c:not(:empty) .Ww4FFb,.Ww4FFb .Ww4FFb{box-shadow:none;margin-bottom:0px}.vt6azd{margin:0px 0px 8px}.vt6azd{margin:0px 0px 30px}.CBvvz{margin:-var(–sds-sys-measurement–space-sm) 0px 0px}.CBvvz{margin:-30px 0px 0px}
Kdo odmítl Nobelovu cenu
Nobelovu cenu za literaturu zatím odmítli jen dva laureáti: v roce 1958 Boris Pasternak, který ji nejprve telefonicky přijal, ale později se jí na nátlak tehdejších sovětských úřadů zřekl, a v roce 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre, jenž ignoroval všechny oficiální pocty.
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Který spisovatel odmítl v roce 64 Nobelovu cenu za literaturu : .wDYxhc{clear:both}.cUnQKe .wDYxhc,.related-question-pair .wDYxhc,.M8OgIe .fm06If .wDYxhc{clear:none}html .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,html .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0;}.garHBe{color:#202124;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;position:relative}.garHBe a{color:#202124}.xpdopen .Hhmu2e{overflow:inherit}.xpdclose .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:solid 1px #ebebeb;border-radius:0}.xpdclose .pmYXee .a84NUc:not(:empty),.xpdopen .pmYXee .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.cAn2Qb .a84NUc:not(:empty),.cAn2Qb .CQKTwc:not(:empty){border-top:none}.SHa8ve{display:none}.xpdclose .TOfaBb.SHa8ve,.xpdopen .LL5J7d.SHa8ve{display:block}.rKR6H{padding-top:0.1px}.xpdclose .oHglmf,.xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:16px}.xpdclose .kp-header .oHglmf,.xpdopen .kp-header .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.c2xzTb .xpdclose .oHglmf,.c2xzTb .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.HSryR .xpdclose .oHglmf,.HSryR .xpdopen .xzPb7d{padding-bottom:0}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,.OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}.Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe .xpdbox g-more-link{top:28px}.Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,.Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}.OJXvsb .xpdclose .wDYxhc.siXlze{padding-bottom:16px}#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdclose .LKPcQc,#rhs .dG2XIf .xpdopen .viOShc{padding-top:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .yp1CPe,#rhs .OJXvsb .xpdclose .siXlze{padding-bottom:15px}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh{padding-bottom:0}#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdclose .wDYxhc.xsZWvb.ecRggb,#rhs .Wnoohf .xpdopen .wDYxhc.EfDVh.ecRggb,#rhs .dG2XIf .ecRggb{padding-bottom:15px}.ecRggb{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 16px 0}.Jb0Zif .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;}.fm06If .ILfuVd.NA6bn,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.duSGDe,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd.NA6bn.c3biWd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58;}.c2xzTb .zloOqf{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-8px;}.FLWspc{margin:16px}.LFYdN{font-size:16px;margin:16px}.trNcde .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.HSryR .ILfuVd{line-height:1.5}.ss6qqb .ILfuVd,.ss6qqb .UiGGAb.ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.c2xzTb .qLYAZd{margin:16px 16px 16px 0;}.d9FyLd{padding:0 0 10px}.hgKElc{padding:0 8px 0 0}.kX21rb{font-size:12px;line-height:1.34;display:inline-block;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;padding-right:0;white-space:nowrap}.SPV4pd{display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.SPV4pd::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.Vjskue{margin-left:8px}.JT9o0,.ZnIJV{align-items:center;border:1px solid #dadce0;border-radius:16px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#1a73e8;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:32px;margin-bottom:16px}.BkHX0d{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif-medium,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;padding-right:20px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}.xv1D5b{display:block;padding:0 8px 0 12px;width:18px;height:18px}.LGOjhe{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px}.trNcde .LGOjhe{overflow:visible}.SALvLe .LGOjhe,.Jb0Zif .LGOjhe,.HSryR .LGOjhe,.IVvPP .LGOjhe{padding:0 0 10px;margin:10px 0 0 0}.s6JM6d .SALvLe .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;}.s6JM6d .HSryR .LGOjhe{margin-top:12px;padding-bottom:20px}#res .Jb0Zif .qDOt0b h3,.IVvPP .qDOt0b h3{font-size:16px;line-height:1.375}.Jb0Zif .qDOt0b .iUh30,.IVvPP .qDOt0b .iUh30{font-size:14px;line-height:1.58}.IVvPP .qDOt0b{border-bottom:1px solid #dadce0;padding-bottom:6px}.rjOVwe.ILfuVd{font-size:16px;line-height:20px}.dG2XIf .rjOVwe{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:1px}.xWd7I{padding-top:12px;}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.n6SJS .ILfuVd{font-size:14px}.ILfuVd.NA6bn,.ILfuVd.duSGDe,.ILfuVd.UiGGAb,.IVvPP .ILfuVd{line-height:20px}.xpd-wa .g-blk{margin:initial}.xpd-wa .dG2XIf{border:initial;box-shadow:none}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;color:#202124}.fm06If .ILfuVd,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd,.Jb0Zif .c2xzTb .ILfuVd{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.cUnQKe .ILfuVd,.cUnQKe .UiGGAb.ILfuVd,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd,.W0urI .ILfuVd{color:#4d5156;font-family:Google Sans,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.fm06If .ILfuVd b,.trNcde .ILfuVd b,.cUnQKe .ILfuVd b,.c2xzTb .ILfuVd b,.w5mTAe .ILfuVd b,.W0urI .ILfuVd b{background-color:#d3e3fd;color:#040c28;font-weight:500}@media (forced-colors:a
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Jean-Paul Sartre byl francouzský romanopisec, dramatik a esejista. Nobelovu cenu za literaturu v roce 1964 odmítl převzít.
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Kdo má 2 Nobelovy ceny
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Kdo odmítl Nobelovu cenu
Nobelovu cenu za literaturu zatím odmítli jen dva laureáti: v roce 1958 Boris Pasternak, který ji nejprve telefonicky přijal, ale později se jí na nátlak tehdejších sovětských úřadů zřekl, a v roce 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre, jenž ignoroval všechny oficiální pocty.
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Mezi jeho příspěvky fyzice patří speciální teorie relativity (1905), myšlenka kvantování elektromagnetického pole a vysvětlení fotoelektrického jevu (1905), vysvětlení Brownova pohybu (1905) a snad nejvíce obecná teorie relativity (1915), která doposud nejlépe popisuje vesmír ve velkých měřítkách.
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Základ pro matematiku jako samostatný obor byl položen ve starověkém Řecku. V 6. století před naším letopočtem Pythagoras a jeho učedníci propojili matematiku, hudbu a mystiku ve škole, kde byla znalost čísel a geometrie základní. Eukleidés žil v Alexandrii kolem roku 300 př.
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