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Do peer reviewers check references?
The peer review process starts once you have submitted your paper to a journal. After submission, your paper will be sent for assessment by independent experts in your field. The reviewers are asked to judge the validity, significance, and originality of your work.Potential peer reviewers should inform the Editor of any possible conflicts of interest before accepting an invitation to review a manuscript. Communications between Editors and peer reviewers contain confidential information that should not be shared with third parties.Author doesn't know the identiy of the reviewer. Reviewer doesn't know the identity of the author, and vice-versa. The identity of the author and the reviewer is known by all participants, during or after the review process. Review report is posted with the published article.

What are peer reviewers responsible for : The purpose of peer review is not to demonstrate the reviewer's proficiency in identifying flaws. Reviewers have the responsibility to identify strengths and provide constructive comments to help the author resolve weaknesses in the work. A reviewer should respect the intellectual independence of the author.

What errors do peer reviewers detect

From plagiarism to fake data or defective analysis, peer reviewers are able to detect a lot of errors. To be a peer reviewer needs to reach the expert level in a domain. The expert level can be reached not only by learning but also through personal experience meaning own activity in that domain.

What can peer review do and not do : The purpose of a peer reviewer is typically not to fix grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, or clunky language, but it does not hurt to point them out to the authors. Every mistake or impediment to successful communication caught early helps to improve the paper.

The Don'ts of Peer Review

You should allow the writer to publish the work as they would like to publish it, within reason, and not rewrite their work for them (McCarthy, 2017). Try to avoid making vague comments that are not confined to mechanical details.

Studies indicate that 21% of papers are rejected without review, and approximately 40% of papers are rejected after peer review. If your paper has been rejected prior to peer review due to lack of subject fit, then find a new journal to submit your work to and move on.

Is peer review confidential

Peer reviewers have an obligation to preserve confidentiality during the review process if they have been asked to do so. While this obligation might seem obvious, it can be compromised in some seemingly harmless and other more harmful ways.The vast majority not a cent, of whatever currency (see this answer for exceptions). Peer reviewers are asked to volunteer, and they volunteer because they know that someone else would have to review their papers too (as Dilworth points out in a comment there can be other motivations too).Divide your publications into two distinct sections: peer-reviewed publications and other publications. List peer-reviewed publications first, as these tend to carry more weight in academia. Use a subheading to distinguish these sections for the reader and make your CV details easier to understand.

Peer review is the major method used by the scientific community to evaluate manuscripts and decide what is suitable for publication. However, this process in its current design is not bulletproof and is prone to reviewer and editorial bias.

How common is rejection after peer review : However, it's very common for papers to be rejected; studies have shown that around 21% of papers are rejected without review, while approximately 40% of papers are rejected after peer review. So, what are your options if your manuscript is rejected

How many papers are rejected after peer review : Studies indicate that 21% of papers are rejected without review, and approximately 40% of papers are rejected after peer review.

What to avoid in peer review

The Don'ts of Peer Review

Don't make any personal reference to the authors and avoid exclamation points or an emotional style. Peer review is not an emotional process. Don't say things like, "I don't believe it" and "I find this unconvincing. I find these results underwhelming or trivial or not important."

Scientists and journal editors say that several factors tax the system. More papers than ever are being published, overloading journal editors and reviewers. The most significant papers are often the most novel—and therefore more difficult to review, because the material covers new and untested ground.Childhood peer rejection and its role in the development of psychopathology has received more attention than any other peer-related topic, in part because of its prevalence—approximately 10% to 15% of children are rejected by their peer group.

What is the abuse of peer review : Sham peer review or malicious peer review is defined as the abuse of a medical peer review process to attack a doctor for personal or other non-medical reasons.